Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Key points

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of HS include painful, inflamed lesions that can range from small nodules to large, deep abscesses. These lesions can rupture, leading to the formation of sinus tracts. The affected areas may be tender, swollen, and have a foul-smelling discharge. The severity of symptoms can vary from person to person.

Causes

The exact cause of HS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Obstruction of hair follicles and abnormal immune responses with a strong autoinflammatory component are thought to play a role. Hormonal factors, smoking, obesity, and a family history of HS may increase the risk of developing the condition.

Treatment

While there is no cure for HS, various treatment options can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include:

Topical
treatments

In mild cases of HS, topical treatments may be used to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. These can include topical antibiotics, corticosteroids, or anti-inflammatory creams applied directly to the affected areas.

Pain
management

HS can cause significant pain and discomfort. Pain management techniques, such as oral pain medications or local anesthetics, may be used to help alleviate pain associated with HS flare-ups.

Systemic
medications

For more severe or widespread HS, systemic medications may be prescribed. Antibiotics, such as tetracycline or clindamycin, are commonly used to control bacterial overgrowth and reduce inflammation. Other systemic medications, such as immunosuppressants or biologics, may be considered for more severe cases.

Recommendations

Lifestyle
modifications

Making certain lifestyle changes can also help manage HS. These may include maintaining good personal hygiene, avoiding tight-fitting clothing, quitting smoking (if applicable), managing weight, and adopting a healthy diet.

Support and
self-care

Living with HS can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. It’s important to seek support from healthcare professionals, support groups, or mental health providers who can provide guidance and resources. Practicing self-care, such as managing stress, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and engaging in activities you enjoy, can also help improve well-being.

Wound
care

Proper wound care is important in HS management. Keeping the affected areas clean, using warm compresses, and applying appropriate dressings can promote healing and prevent infection.