Dandruff (Seborrheic Dermatitis)

Key features

Development

The exact cause of dandruff is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to its development:

Overgrowth of yeast

The presence of a naturally occurring yeast called Malassezia on the scalp is believed to play a role in dandruff. An overgrowth of this yeast can lead to an inflammatory response and increased shedding of skin cells.

Individual susceptibility

Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to dandruff, making them more susceptible to its development.

Sebum production

Sebum, the natural oil produced by the scalp, can contribute to the development of dandruff. Excessive sebum production or an imbalance in its composition can create an environment conducive to the growth of Malassezia and the subsequent development of dandruff.

Treatment

Managing and controlling dandruff typically involves the following recommendations

Medicated
shampoos

This shampoos help control the oiliness, scaling, inflammation and yeast associated with this condition.

Calcineurin
Inhibitors

Help control the inflammation, dryness and prolonged disease stage mostly when this condition affects the face and neck. This medication work also as a control of flares.

Topical
Steroids

Help control the inflammation, redness and itchiness associated with the scalp lesions.

Recommendations

Here are some recommendations for managing and preventing dandruff

Regular
shampooing

Wash your hair and scalp regularly with a mild, anti-dandruff shampoo. Aim for at least two to three times per week or as recommended by the product instructions.

Limit use of
styling products

Some hair styling products, such as gels, mousses, and hairsprays, can contribute to dandruff or make it worse. Limit their use or choose products labeled as “non-comedogenic” or “scalp-friendly.”

Use anti-dandruff
shampoos

Look for shampoos that specifically target dandruff and contain active ingredients such as zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, or coal tar. These ingredients help control the growth of the yeast that contributes to dandruff and reduce inflammation.

Maintain a
healthy scalp

Keeping your scalp clean and healthy can help prevent dandruff. Follow good hygiene practices, such as regular shampooing and rinsing thoroughly to remove any residue.

Massage
your scalp

While shampooing, gently massage your scalp with your fingertips to help loosen and remove flakes. Avoid using your nails, as it can lead to further irritation.

Manage
stress

Stress can worsen dandruff symptoms. Practice stress management techniques such as exercise, meditation, deep breathing, or engaging in activities you enjoy to help reduce stress levels.

Avoid hot water and
harsh shampoos

Use lukewarm water instead of hot water when washing your hair, as hot water can strip the scalp of natural oils and exacerbate dryness. Also, avoid harsh shampoos that can further irritate the scalp.

Be mindful
of diet

While diet alone may not directly cause or cure dandruff, some evidence suggests that a healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B, and zinc may promote a healthy scalp. Incorporate foods such as fish, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables into your diet.

Seek medical advice
if necessary

If over-the-counter anti-dandruff shampoos and home remedies do not provide relief or if your symptoms persist or worsen, it’s recommended to consult a dermatologist. They can evaluate your condition, provide a proper diagnosis, and recommend prescription-strength treatments if needed.

Protect your scalp
from harsh weather

Extreme cold or dry weather conditions can worsen dandruff symptoms. Wear hats or use scarves to protect your scalp from harsh environmental factors.