Atopic dermatitis is the predominant form of eczema, which is a skin condition characterized by persistent itching and the development of red patches, typically found on the face, arms, and legs. Although it primarily affects children, it is important to note that it also impacts a significant number of adults, with an estimated 18 million individuals affected.

The hallmark of atopic dermatitis is its cyclical nature, wherein the rashes tend to flare up, subside, and then reappear periodically. This pattern of flare-ups and remissions can vary in frequency and severity among individuals. During flare-ups, the affected skin may become intensely itchy, leading to scratching, which can further exacerbate the condition.

The primary cause of acne is the overproduction of sebum, an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. When sebum combines with dead skin cells and bacteria, it can clog hair follicles and lead to the formation of acne lesions. Hormonal changes, particularly during puberty, play a significant role in acne development, as they stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more oil.

TYPES

Acne can have a negative impact on an individual’s self-esteem and emotional well-being, particularly when it is severe or persistent.

While it commonly affects teenagers during puberty, acne can also affect adults of all ages.

Treatment

Topical medications

These are applied directly to the skin and include over-the-counter products with ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or sulfur. Prescription-strength topical medications may contain retinoids, antibiotics, or a combination of ingredients to help reduce acne-causing bacteria, unclog pores, and control inflammation.

Combination therapy

Some individuals may benefit from a combination of topical and oral medications to effectively manage acne. This approach targets multiple causes of acne, such as bacteria, inflammation, and excessive oil production.

Oral medications

In cases of moderate to severe acne, oral medications may be prescribed. Antibiotics, such as tetracycline or erythromycin, can help reduce inflammation and kill bacteria. Oral contraceptives or anti-androgen medications may be recommended for females with hormonal acne. Isotretinoin, a powerful medication derived from vitamin A, is reserved for severe and resistant cases of acne.

Procedures and therapies

Chemical peels

These exfoliate the skin and unclog pores, reducing acne breakouts. Microdermabrasion: This procedure uses a handheld device to gently remove the outer layer of dead skin cells, improving the appearance of acne scars and reducing the risk of clogged pores.


Light therapy

Certain types of light therapy, such as blue light or red light, can help kill acne-causing bacteria and reduce inflammation.


Cortisone injections

Inflamed acne cysts or nodules can be injected with a diluted corticosteroid to quickly reduce inflammation and promote healing.


Extraction

Dermatologists can perform a manual extraction to remove certain types of acne lesions, such as blackheads or whiteheads.

Laser treatments

Laser acne treatment targets and treats acne-prone skin using specific wavelengths of light. The lasers deliver concentrated energy to affected areas, reducing inflammation, killing acne-causing bacteria, and shrinking sebaceous glands (Aviclear) that produce excess oil.

As the skin absorbs the laser energy,

As the skin absorbs the laser energy, it penetrates deep into the layers where acne develops. This process stimulates collagen production, rejuvenates the skin, and improves texture while minimizing acne scars.

Fractional laser treatment creates microscopic columns of thermal damage, triggering the growth of new, healthy skin cells and remodeling collagen.

Pulsed dye lasers focus on blood vessels, reducing redness and inflammation linked to acne breakouts.

Aviclear directly targets and shrinks sebaceous glands, offering a long-term acne solution. A complete treatment requires three sessions to achieve maximum effectiveness.

recommendations

When it comes to treating acne, it’s important to adopt a comprehensive approach that includes both lifestyle
changes and targeted skincare practices. Here are some recommendations for treating acne:

twice a day

Use a gentle, acne-specific cleanser to keep your skin clear. Avoid harsh scrubbing—it can worsen irritation. Opt for cleansers with salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide to unclog pores and fight acne-causing bacteria.

While there is no direct evidence linking diet to acne, some studies suggest that certain foods, such as high-glycemic-index foods and dairy products, may exacerbate acne in some individuals. It can be helpful to experiment with your diet and identify any triggers that worsen your acne.

Keep your hands away from your face to prevent transferring bacteria and oils from your hands onto your skin. Picking or popping acne lesions can lead to inflammation and scarring.

Stress can contribute to hormonal imbalances, which can trigger acne breakouts. Engage in stress-reducing activities like exercise, meditation, or hobbies that help you relax.

Choose skincare and cosmetic products labeled as “non-comedogenic” or “oil-free.” These products are less likely to clog your pores and contribute to acne breakouts.

Consider using over-the-counter acne treatments containing ingredients like benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid. These ingredients can help reduce inflammation and unclog pores. Start with lower concentrations to avoid excessive dryness or irritation, and gradually increase if needed.

Even if you have oily skin, it’s essential to use a lightweight, oil-free moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated. Look for products that are labeled as “non-comedogenic” or “oil-free.”

If your acne is severe, persistent, or causing emotional distress, it’s advisable to seek professional help. A dermatologist can assess your specific situation and recommend appropriate prescription medications, such as topical retinoids, antibiotics, or hormonal therapies.

While limited sun exposure can have a temporary positive effect on acne, excessive sun exposure can lead to skin damage and inflammation. Protect your skin by wearing sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and by seeking shade when the sun is strongest.

Remember!

Everyone’s skin is different, so it may take time and experimentation to find the right combination of treatments that work best for you.
Be consistent with your skincare routine, and don’t hesitate to seek professional advice when needed.