Hemangioma

Key points

Appearance

Hemangiomas can have a variable appearance. They may appear as raised, bright red or purplish bumps on the skin or as deeper, bluish masses. Some hemangiomas are flat, while others are elevated and have a rubbery texture. Their size can range from small to large, depending on the individual case.

Location

Hemangiomas can occur anywhere on the body, but they are most commonly found on the face, scalp, neck, and trunk. Internal organs, such as the liver, can also be affected by hemangiomas, but this is relatively rare.

Growth pattern

Hemangiomas go through two distinct phases – the proliferative phase and the involution phase. During the proliferative phase, which typically lasts several months to a year, the hemangioma grows rapidly. After this phase, it enters the involution phase, where the growth slows down and the hemangioma starts to shrink gradually over time.

Complications

Most hemangiomas are harmless and do not cause any complications. However, in some cases, complications can arise, particularly if the hemangioma is large or located in certain areas (e.g., around the eyes, nose, mouth, neck, extremities or genital area). Complications may include ulceration, bleeding, infection, interference with vision or breathing, or cosmetic concerns.

Treatment

The majority of hemangiomas require mostly topical treatment and will resolve on their own over time. However, certain cases may necessitate early intervention. Treatment options include oral medications (such as propranolol or corticosteroids) to slow down the growth and shrink the hemangioma, laser therapy to reduce redness, promote regression and cure ulcerations, or surgical removal in selected cases.

The earlier the evaluation of the hemangioma is performed the better outcome could be obtained as most of this cases are sometimes sent to the pediatric dermatologist too late risking the possibility of residual scar tissue or complications.

It is important to consult with our pediatric dermatologist as early as the hemangioma is found for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of hemangiomas. They can evaluate the size, location, and characteristics of the hemangioma and provide guidance on the most suitable treatment approach, if necessary.